Research Index
Melanotan II Research Index
PSI surfaces 50 peer-reviewed studies on Melanotan II, prioritized by evidence strength: human clinical research first, then animal studies. The full historical archive is linked below on PubMed.
50 studies
Changes in Oral Mucosa Associated with Melanotan II Injections: A Case Report.
Bonchev A
Life (Basel)·2026·Human·PubMed →
Melanotan II nasal spray: a possible risk factor for oral mucosal malignant melanoma?
Yassin Alsabbagh A, Bhujel N, Singh RP
Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg·2025·Animal·PubMed →
Trending on TikTok: An analysis of melanotan content on social media.
Herlihy M, Bowe S, Ahmad K
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol·2025·Animal·PubMed →
The 'Barbie Drug'-marketing and perceptions of melanotan on social media.
Orr E, Grechin C, Kearney N et al.
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol·2025·Animal·PubMed →
Antidepressant-like and antistress effects of the ACTH(4-10) synthetic analogs Semax and Melanotan II on male rats in a model of chronic unpredictable stress.
Inozemtseva LS, Yatsenko KA, Glazova NY et al.
Eur J Pharmacol·2024·Animal·Anxiety & Mood·PubMed →
Barbie drug identification: Not a child's play.
Deville M, Charlier C
J Forensic Sci·2024·Animal·PubMed →
Recommended Tool Compounds for the Melanocortin Receptor (MCR) G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs).
Weirath NA, Haskell-Luevano C
ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci·2024·Animal·PubMed →
Therapeutic Strategies Against Metabolic Imbalance in a Male Mouse Model With 5-HT2CR Loss-of-Function.
Liu H, Liu Z, Wong HK et al.
Endocrinology·2024·Animal·Weight Loss, Neuroprotection·PubMed →
Multiple metabolic signals in the CeA regulate feeding: The role of AMPK.
Castro G, Mendes NF, Weissmann L et al.
Mol Cell Endocrinol·2024·Animal·PubMed →
5-Hydroxypyrroloindoline Affords Tryptathionine and 2,2'-bis-Indole Peptide Staples: Application to Melanotan-II.
Todorovic M, Blanc A, Wang Z et al.
Chemistry·2024·Animal·PubMed →
Melanocortin agonism in a social context selectively activates nucleus accumbens in an oxytocin-dependent manner.
Ford CL, McDonough AA, Horie K et al.
Neuropharmacology·2024·Animal·PubMed →
Effects of the central melanocortin system on feed intake, metabolic hormones and insulin action in the sheep.
Ehrhardt RA, Giesy SL, Hileman SM et al.
J Anim Sci·2023·Animal·PubMed →
Melanotan-II reverses memory impairment induced by a short-term HF diet.
Wekwejt P, Wojda U, Kiryk A
Biomed Pharmacother·2023·Animal·PubMed →
Obesity medication lorcaserin activates brainstem GLP-1 neurons to reduce food intake and augments GLP-1 receptor agonist induced appetite suppression.
Wagner S, Brierley DI, Leeson-Payne A et al.
Mol Metab·2023·Animal·Neuroprotection, Appetite Regulation, Weight Loss·PubMed →
Melanocortin receptor agonist melanotan-II microinjected in the nucleus accumbens decreases appetitive and consumptive responding for food.
Eliason NL, Martin L, Low MJ et al.
Neuropeptides·2022·Animal·Weight Loss·PubMed →
Vasopressin neurons in the paraventricular hypothalamus promote wakefulness via lateral hypothalamic orexin neurons.
Islam MT, Rumpf F, Tsuno Y et al.
Curr Biol·2022·Animal·Neuroprotection, Sleep·PubMed →
[The risks of tanning with the Barbie drug].
Eijmael MJPM, Janmaat CJ, Briët-Schipper EMN
Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd·2022·Animal·PubMed →
CLIPSing Melanotan-II to Discover Multiple Functionally Selective hMCR Agonists.
Tomassi S, Dimmito MP, Cai M et al.
J Med Chem·2022·Animal·PubMed →
Zebrafish Bioassay for Screening Therapeutic Candidates Based on Melanotrophic Activity.
Hong TI, Hwang KS, Choi TI et al.
Int J Mol Sci·2021·Animal·PubMed →
Melanotan II User Experience: A Qualitative Study of Online Discussion Forums.
Gilhooley E, Daly S, McKenna D
Dermatology·2021·Animal·PubMed →
Depletion of Alpha-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone Induces Insatiable Appetite and Gains in Energy Reserves and Body Weight in Zebrafish.
Hsieh YW, Tsai YW, Lai HH et al.
Biomedicines·2021·Animal·PubMed →
Intracerebroventricular administration of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) enhances thigmotaxis and induces anxiety-like behavior in the goldfish Carassius auratus.
Watanabe K, Konno N, Nakamachi T et al.
Peptides·2021·Animal·Anxiety & Mood·PubMed →
The Mesencephalic Trigeminal Nucleus Controls Food Intake and Body Weight via Hindbrain POMC Projections.
Fortin SM, Chen J, Grill HJ et al.
Nutrients·2021·Animal·Appetite Regulation, Weight Loss, Neuroprotection·PubMed →
Melanocortin receptor activation alleviates amyloid pathology and glial reactivity in an Alzheimer's disease transgenic mouse model.
Lau JKY, Tian M, Shen Y et al.
Sci Rep·2021·Animal·Neuroprotection·PubMed →
Restoration of Cardiac Function After Myocardial Infarction by Long-Term Activation of the CNS Leptin-Melanocortin System.
Gava FN, da Silva AA, Dai X et al.
JACC Basic Transl Sci·2021·Animal·PubMed →
Melanotan Tanning Injection: A Rare Cause of Priapism.
Mallory CW, Lopategui DM, Cordon BH
Sex Med·2021·Animal·PubMed →
Pharmacological chaperone action in humanized mouse models of MC4R-linked obesity.
René P, Lanfray D, Richard D et al.
JCI Insight·2021·Animal·Glycemic Control, Weight Loss·PubMed →
Melanotan II, a melanocortin agonist, partially rescues the impaired thermogenic capacity of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide deficient mice.
McMillan TR, Forster MAM, Short LI et al.
Exp Physiol·2021·Animal·PubMed →
LC-HRMS characterization of the skin pigmentation and sexual enhancers melanotan II and bremelanotide sold on the black market of performance and image enhancing drugs.
Mestria S, Odoardi S, Frison G et al.
Drug Test Anal·2021·Animal·PubMed →
G(q)α/G(11)α deficiency in dorsomedial hypothalamus leads to obesity resulting from decreased energy expenditure and impaired sympathetic nerve activity.
Wilson EA, Sun H, Cui Z et al.
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab·2021·Animal·Weight Loss·PubMed →
A sentinel population: The public health benefits of monitoring enhanced body builders.
McVeigh J, Salinas M, Ralphs R
Int J Drug Policy·2021·Animal·PubMed →
Melanotan II: a possible cause of renal infarction: review of the literature and case report.
Peters B, Hadimeri H, Wahlberg R et al.
CEN Case Rep·2020·Human·PubMed →
Development of Ligand-Drug Conjugates Targeting Melanoma through the Overexpressed Melanocortin 1 Receptor.
Zhou Y, Mowlazadeh Haghighi S, Liu Z et al.
ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci·2020·Animal·PubMed →
CAPS2 deficiency induces proopiomelanocortin accumulation in pituitary and affects food intake behavior in mice.
Fujima S, Amemiya N, Arima T et al.
Neurosci Lett·2020·Animal·Weight Loss, Neuroprotection·PubMed →
Combining MALDI mass spectrometry imaging and droplet-base surface sampling analysis for tissue distribution, metabolite profiling, and relative quantification of cyclic peptide melanotan II.
Chen B, Vavrek M, Gundersdorf R et al.
Anal Chim Acta·2020·Animal·PubMed →
Hypothalamic POMC deficiency increases circulating adiponectin despite obesity.
Yu H, Chhabra KH, Thompson Z et al.
Mol Metab·2020·Animal·Neuroprotection, Weight Loss·PubMed →
Melanocortin regulation of histaminergic neurons via perifornical lateral hypothalamic melanocortin 4 receptors.
Michael NJ, Caron A, Lee CE et al.
Mol Metab·2020·Animal·Neuroprotection·PubMed →
Application of Dimedone Enamines as Protecting Groups for Amines and Peptides.
Chithanna S, Vyasamudri S, Yang DY
Org Lett·2020·Animal·PubMed →
Topical MTII Therapy Suppresses Melanoma Through PTEN Upregulation and Cyclooxygenase II Inhibition.
Wu JC, Tsai HE, Hsiao YH et al.
Int J Mol Sci·2020·Animal·PubMed →
Sites and sources of sympathoexcitation in obese male rats: role of brain insulin.
Shi Z, Zhao D, Cassaglia PA et al.
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol·2020·Animal·Weight Loss·PubMed →
Hypothalamic C2-domain protein involved in MC4R trafficking and control of energy balance.
Gavini CK, Cook TM, Rademacher DJ et al.
Metabolism·2020·Animal·Weight Loss·PubMed →
Melanotan-II reverses autistic features in a maternal immune activation mouse model of autism.
Minakova E, Lang J, Medel-Matus JS et al.
PLoS One·2019·Animal·PubMed →
Glucose-regulated protein 78 binds to and regulates the melanocortin-4 receptor.
Yoon YR, Lee TG, Choi MH et al.
Exp Mol Med·2018·Animal·Weight Loss·PubMed →
A glimpse into the underground market of melanotan.
Callaghan Iii DJ
Dermatol Online J·2018·Animal·PubMed →
Limiting feeding to the active phase reduces blood pressure without the necessity of caloric reduction or fat mass loss.
Cote I, Toklu HZ, Green SM et al.
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol·2018·Animal·Weight Loss·PubMed →
Melanotan II causes hypothermia in mice by activation of mast cells and stimulation of histamine 1 receptors.
Jain S, Panyutin A, Liu N et al.
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab·2018·Animal·PubMed →
The stimulatory G protein G(s)α is required in melanocortin 4 receptor-expressing cells for normal energy balance, thermogenesis, and glucose metabolism.
Podyma B, Sun H, Wilson EA et al.
J Biol Chem·2018·Animal·Weight Loss·PubMed →
Inherently Lean Rats Have Enhanced Activity and Skeletal Muscle Response to Central Melanocortin Receptors.
Gavini CK, Britton SL, Koch LG et al.
Obesity (Silver Spring)·2018·Animal·Muscle Recovery·PubMed →
Changes of melanocytic lesions inducedby Melanotan injections and sun bed use ina teenage patient with FAMMM syndrome.
Sivyer GW
Dermatol Pract Concept·2012·Human·PubMed →
Effect of MELANOTAN, [Nle(4), D-Phe(7)]-alpha-MSH, on melanin synthesis in humans with MC1R variant alleles.
Fitzgerald LM, Fryer JL, Dwyer T et al.
Peptides·2006·Human·PubMed →