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INDEXED STUDIES

Glycine-Proline-Glutamate (GPE) — Indexed Studies

50 most recent studies indexed by PSI from PubMed and clinical databases

Showing 50 of 50 studies

Changes in Oral Mucosa Associated with Melanotan II Injections: A Case Report.

Bonchev A

Life (Basel)(2026)
Human
PubMed

Melanotan II: a possible cause of renal infarction: review of the literature and case report.

Peters B, Hadimeri H, Wahlberg R et al.

CEN Case Rep(2020)
Human
PubMed

Melanotan II nasal spray: a possible risk factor for oral mucosal malignant melanoma?

Yassin Alsabbagh A, Bhujel N, Singh RP

Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg(2025)
Animal
PubMed

Antidepressant-like and antistress effects of the ACTH(4-10) synthetic analogs Semax and Melanotan II on male rats in a model of chronic unpredictable stress.

Inozemtseva LS, Yatsenko KA, Glazova NY et al.

Eur J Pharmacol(2024)
Animal
Anxiety & Mood
PubMed

Barbie drug identification: Not a child's play.

Deville M, Charlier C

J Forensic Sci(2024)
Animal
PubMed

Recommended Tool Compounds for the Melanocortin Receptor (MCR) G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs).

Weirath NA, Haskell-Luevano C

ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci(2024)
Animal
PubMed

Therapeutic Strategies Against Metabolic Imbalance in a Male Mouse Model With 5-HT2CR Loss-of-Function.

Liu H, Liu Z, Wong HK et al.

Endocrinology(2024)
Animal
Weight LossNeuroprotection
PubMed

Multiple metabolic signals in the CeA regulate feeding: The role of AMPK.

Castro G, Mendes NF, Weissmann L et al.

Mol Cell Endocrinol(2024)
Animal
PubMed

5-Hydroxypyrroloindoline Affords Tryptathionine and 2,2'-bis-Indole Peptide Staples: Application to Melanotan-II.

Todorovic M, Blanc A, Wang Z et al.

Chemistry(2024)
Animal
PubMed

Melanocortin agonism in a social context selectively activates nucleus accumbens in an oxytocin-dependent manner.

Ford CL, McDonough AA, Horie K et al.

Neuropharmacology(2024)
Animal
PubMed

Melanotan-II reverses memory impairment induced by a short-term HF diet.

Wekwejt P, Wojda U, Kiryk A

Biomed Pharmacother(2023)
Animal
PubMed

Obesity medication lorcaserin activates brainstem GLP-1 neurons to reduce food intake and augments GLP-1 receptor agonist induced appetite suppression.

Wagner S, Brierley DI, Leeson-Payne A et al.

Mol Metab(2023)
Animal
NeuroprotectionAppetite RegulationWeight Loss
PubMed

Melanocortin receptor agonist melanotan-II microinjected in the nucleus accumbens decreases appetitive and consumptive responding for food.

Eliason NL, Martin L, Low MJ et al.

Neuropeptides(2022)
Animal
Weight Loss
PubMed

Vasopressin neurons in the paraventricular hypothalamus promote wakefulness via lateral hypothalamic orexin neurons.

Islam MT, Rumpf F, Tsuno Y et al.

Curr Biol(2022)
Animal
NeuroprotectionSleep
PubMed

[The risks of tanning with the Barbie drug].

Eijmael MJPM, Janmaat CJ, Briët-Schipper EMN

Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd(2022)
Animal
PubMed

CLIPSing Melanotan-II to Discover Multiple Functionally Selective hMCR Agonists.

Tomassi S, Dimmito MP, Cai M et al.

J Med Chem(2022)
Animal
PubMed

Zebrafish Bioassay for Screening Therapeutic Candidates Based on Melanotrophic Activity.

Hong TI, Hwang KS, Choi TI et al.

Int J Mol Sci(2021)
Animal
PubMed

Melanotan II User Experience: A Qualitative Study of Online Discussion Forums.

Gilhooley E, Daly S, McKenna D

Dermatology(2021)
Animal
PubMed

Depletion of Alpha-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone Induces Insatiable Appetite and Gains in Energy Reserves and Body Weight in Zebrafish.

Hsieh YW, Tsai YW, Lai HH et al.

Biomedicines(2021)
Animal
PubMed

Intracerebroventricular administration of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) enhances thigmotaxis and induces anxiety-like behavior in the goldfish Carassius auratus.

Watanabe K, Konno N, Nakamachi T et al.

Peptides(2021)
Animal
Anxiety & Mood
PubMed

The Mesencephalic Trigeminal Nucleus Controls Food Intake and Body Weight via Hindbrain POMC Projections.

Fortin SM, Chen J, Grill HJ et al.

Nutrients(2021)
Animal
Appetite RegulationWeight LossNeuroprotection
PubMed

Melanocortin receptor activation alleviates amyloid pathology and glial reactivity in an Alzheimer's disease transgenic mouse model.

Lau JKY, Tian M, Shen Y et al.

Sci Rep(2021)
Animal
Neuroprotection
PubMed

Restoration of Cardiac Function After Myocardial Infarction by Long-Term Activation of the CNS Leptin-Melanocortin System.

Gava FN, da Silva AA, Dai X et al.

JACC Basic Transl Sci(2021)
Animal
PubMed

Melanotan Tanning Injection: A Rare Cause of Priapism.

Mallory CW, Lopategui DM, Cordon BH

Sex Med(2021)
Animal
PubMed

Pharmacological chaperone action in humanized mouse models of MC4R-linked obesity.

René P, Lanfray D, Richard D et al.

JCI Insight(2021)
Animal
Glycemic ControlWeight Loss
PubMed

Melanotan II, a melanocortin agonist, partially rescues the impaired thermogenic capacity of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide deficient mice.

McMillan TR, Forster MAM, Short LI et al.

Exp Physiol(2021)
Animal
PubMed

LC-HRMS characterization of the skin pigmentation and sexual enhancers melanotan II and bremelanotide sold on the black market of performance and image enhancing drugs.

Mestria S, Odoardi S, Frison G et al.

Drug Test Anal(2021)
Animal
PubMed

G(q)α/G(11)α deficiency in dorsomedial hypothalamus leads to obesity resulting from decreased energy expenditure and impaired sympathetic nerve activity.

Wilson EA, Sun H, Cui Z et al.

Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab(2021)
Animal
Weight Loss
PubMed

Development of Ligand-Drug Conjugates Targeting Melanoma through the Overexpressed Melanocortin 1 Receptor.

Zhou Y, Mowlazadeh Haghighi S, Liu Z et al.

ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci(2020)
Animal
PubMed

A sentinel population: The public health benefits of monitoring enhanced body builders.

McVeigh J, Salinas M, Ralphs R

Int J Drug Policy(2021)
Animal
PubMed

CAPS2 deficiency induces proopiomelanocortin accumulation in pituitary and affects food intake behavior in mice.

Fujima S, Amemiya N, Arima T et al.

Neurosci Lett(2020)
Animal
Weight LossNeuroprotection
PubMed

Combining MALDI mass spectrometry imaging and droplet-base surface sampling analysis for tissue distribution, metabolite profiling, and relative quantification of cyclic peptide melanotan II.

Chen B, Vavrek M, Gundersdorf R et al.

Anal Chim Acta(2020)
Animal
PubMed

Hypothalamic POMC deficiency increases circulating adiponectin despite obesity.

Yu H, Chhabra KH, Thompson Z et al.

Mol Metab(2020)
Animal
NeuroprotectionWeight Loss
PubMed

Melanocortin regulation of histaminergic neurons via perifornical lateral hypothalamic melanocortin 4 receptors.

Michael NJ, Caron A, Lee CE et al.

Mol Metab(2020)
Animal
Neuroprotection
PubMed

Application of Dimedone Enamines as Protecting Groups for Amines and Peptides.

Chithanna S, Vyasamudri S, Yang DY

Org Lett(2020)
Animal
PubMed

Topical MTII Therapy Suppresses Melanoma Through PTEN Upregulation and Cyclooxygenase II Inhibition.

Wu JC, Tsai HE, Hsiao YH et al.

Int J Mol Sci(2020)
Animal
PubMed

Sites and sources of sympathoexcitation in obese male rats: role of brain insulin.

Shi Z, Zhao D, Cassaglia PA et al.

Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol(2020)
Animal
Weight Loss
PubMed

Melanotan-II reverses autistic features in a maternal immune activation mouse model of autism.

Minakova E, Lang J, Medel-Matus JS et al.

PLoS One(2019)
Animal
PubMed

Glucose-regulated protein 78 binds to and regulates the melanocortin-4 receptor.

Yoon YR, Lee TG, Choi MH et al.

Exp Mol Med(2018)
Animal
Weight Loss
PubMed

A glimpse into the underground market of melanotan.

Callaghan Iii DJ

Dermatol Online J(2018)
Animal
PubMed

Limiting feeding to the active phase reduces blood pressure without the necessity of caloric reduction or fat mass loss.

Cote I, Toklu HZ, Green SM et al.

Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol(2018)
Animal
Weight Loss
PubMed

Melanotan II causes hypothermia in mice by activation of mast cells and stimulation of histamine 1 receptors.

Jain S, Panyutin A, Liu N et al.

Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab(2018)
Animal
PubMed

The stimulatory G protein G(s)α is required in melanocortin 4 receptor-expressing cells for normal energy balance, thermogenesis, and glucose metabolism.

Podyma B, Sun H, Wilson EA et al.

J Biol Chem(2018)
Animal
Weight Loss
PubMed

Inherently Lean Rats Have Enhanced Activity and Skeletal Muscle Response to Central Melanocortin Receptors.

Gavini CK, Britton SL, Koch LG et al.

Obesity (Silver Spring)(2018)
Animal
Muscle Recovery
PubMed

Control of appetite, blood glucose, and blood pressure during melanocortin-4 receptor activation in normoglycemic and diabetic NPY-deficient mice.

da Silva AA, Freeman JN, Hall JE et al.

Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol(2018)
Animal
Appetite RegulationGlycemic Control
PubMed

Activation of the central melanocortin system in rats persistently reduces body and fat mass independently of caloric reduction.

Côté I, Green SM, Morgan D et al.

Can J Physiol Pharmacol(2018)
Animal
Weight Loss
PubMed

The unregulated use of melanotan-II is of public health interest to Australian dermatologists.

Adler NR, Dowling JP, Pan Y

Australas J Dermatol(2017)
Animal
PubMed

AgRP-Expressing Adrenal Chromaffin Cells Are Involved in the Sympathetic Response to Fasting.

Gupta R, Ma Y, Wang M et al.

Endocrinology(2017)
Animal
PubMed

Activation of the central melanocortin system chronically reduces body mass without the necessity of long-term caloric restriction.

Côté I, Sakarya Y, Kirichenko N et al.

Can J Physiol Pharmacol(2017)
Animal
Weight Loss
PubMed

Effect of Melanotan-II on Brain Fos Immunoreactivity and Oxytocin Neuronal Activity and Secretion in Rats.

Paiva L, Sabatier N, Leng G et al.

J Neuroendocrinol(2017)
Animal
Neuroprotection
PubMed
Back to Glycine-Proline-Glutamate (GPE) Research Overview

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